Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: N-Acetylcysteine Suppresses Microglial Inflammation and Induces Mortality Dose-Dependently via Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling
doi: 10.3390/ijms24043798
Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of microglial TNF-α in NAC-induced microglia mortality. ( A ) Experimental schedule. ( B , C ) Representative images and quantitative analyses of microglial TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex of C57BL/6J and TNF fl/fl Cx3cr1-Cre ER mice after saline or tamoxifen treatment. TNF-α and Iba-1 are shown in red and green, respectively. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( C ) The transcript levels of microglial Tnf in C57BL/6J mice and TNF fl/fl Cx3cr1-Cre ER mice with or without tamoxifen (Tamo) treatment (n = 6). ( D ) Representative images and quantitative analyses of microglia viability after 48 h of NAC (30 mM; i.p.) treatment in C57BL/6J (n = 4) and microglial TNF-α-deficient mice (n = 4) with tamoxifen treatment (TNFKO). * p < 0.05, vs. saline (Con; C57BL/6J). Scale bars, 250 μm. ( E ) Transcript levels of TNF in the SK-N-SH, U-87 MG, and human primary M2 microglia (n = 4). ( F ) Representative images and quantitative analyses of human M2 primary microglial viability after 24 h of treatment with LPS (0 and 10 ng/mL), and different doses of NAC (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 mM) (n = 6). Scale bars, 250 μm. ( G ) NO x synthesis after treatment with LPS (0 and 10 ng/mL), and NAC (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 mM) in human primary M2 microglia after 24 h (n = 6). ** p < 0.01, vs. control (Con). All data are presented as MEAN ± SEM.
Article Snippet: Media containing serum of human primary M2 microglia (CELPROGEN, SKU:M37089-01S) was changed every 3 days.
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